The Production Of Hydrocarbons From Conventional Resources

Introduction With increasing industrialization, energy consumption and demand have steadily grown at a rate of 2.2% per year from 2005 to 2014, and continue to rise. [1] Meanwhile, the production of hydrocarbons from conventional resources is declining. In order to meet the rise in energy demand, new hydrocarbon reserves must be found and produced. Salt is an ideal hydrocarbon trap because of it’s low permeability and capacity to deform under stress and temperature. Therefore, large oil and gas reservoirs are associated with salt formations. Oil and gas reserves associated with salt formations have been estimated at 1.2 billion barrels of oil (â€Å"BBO†) and 15 trillion cubic feet of natural gas (â€Å"TCF†) on the Continental Shelf of the northern†¦show more content†¦Well control is challenging, as predicting pore pressure, fracture gradients and the existence of fractures is difficult. Shock and vibration levels have also proven to cause problems in these formati ons. Additionally, salt flow is a positive function of time. Therefore, a high rate of penetration (â€Å"ROP†) to minimize the possibility of salt flow related problems, such as borehole deformation, is critical when drilling salt. Selection of drilling fluid is one of the most important components of a successful well construction operation. Strategies for successful salt drilling involve recognizing salt closure behavior, stresses, and adjusting drilling fluid density and temperature to minimize problems. The increasing demand, and the assumption that â€Å"easy oil† has been depleted, drives the exploration and new field development in salt formations, particularly the domal structures found in the GoM. This report will describe the challenges associated with drilling for salt hydrocarbons. In addition, best practices for overcoming the challenges presented by salt formations will be identified, including an overview of technological advancements in the field. Background Characteristics of Salt The salt deposits found in the GoM were initially created by gradual evaporation and desiccation of salt water deposited during the mid Jurassic, confined in the region throughout the late Jurassic, and ultimately forming the Louann

The Epithet in the Novel Jane Eyre - 18849 Words

INTRODUCTION The present course- paper is devoted to the comprehensive study of stylistic device – the epithet in the literary work â€Å"Jane Eyre† by Charlotte Bronte. The topicality of chosen by us theme lies in the fact that a human being perceives the reality by means of various images. These images exist everywhere: in art, in nature, in thoughts, and in speech in particular. Each of us at least ones created an image. We use different means (stylistic expressive means and devices) to achieve the aim. In our research we would like to concentrate our attention on â€Å"epithet†, a figure of speech which gives the opportunity to create the most expressive and vivid images. Despite the fact that there are many works devoted to the problem†¦show more content†¦The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the results of the investigation can be used in the courses of lectures in stylistics, seminars in style and text interpretation and also can be useful for practical courses of English language. The novel â€Å"Jane Eyre† by Charlotte Bronte is used as linguistic material for our research. In this work there were used the following methods of linguistic analysis: word’s definitions analysis, contextual-situative and text analysis for revealing the informational value of epithet. The present course-paper includes the following sections: introduction, two chapters, conclusions, bibliography and appendix. In Introduction we present reasons for choosing this theme and give the description of the paper. In Chapter I we give some theoretical information about Stylistics, style, stylistic devices and functional styles. Also we try to reveal the nature of epithets and their classification. In Chapter II we propose basic information about Charlotte Bronte and her novel â€Å"Jane Eyre† and analyze choice of epithets from his novel applying the received knowledge. In Conclusions we summarize the results which were obtained while carrying out our research. In Bibliography we propose the list of the consulted books with the names of their authors and years of theirShow MoreRelatedA Dialogue of Self and Soul11424 Words   |  46 Pagesrelation to women, though it refers brieï ¬â€šy to the ambiguous class position of governesses such as Jane Eyre. The authors analyse the intertwined processes of female rebellion and repression in the narrative and highlight in particular the reading of Bertha Mason, the mad wife, as the symbol of Jane’s repressed passion. This was later to become an accepted interpretation of Bertha. In relating the novel to Charlotte Brontà « the writer, they see the text as ultimately half-optimistic for women’s futureRead More The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination2194 Words   |  9 Pagesthat Graham assigns to her. That night she says she will never act again, yet instead has chosen to write, transferring her talent to another form of expression. As Gregory O’Dea notes in his article, â€Å"there is no sign in the beginning [of the novel] that†¦Lucy is to be heroine† (44). At first she is merely relating other characters’ words and actions without giving much of her own judgment. However, once little Polly leaves, Lucy takes the stage, finding her voice much in the same way as she does

Strategic Management and Leadership for Business - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management and Leadership for Business. Answer: The report talks about the business level strategies of a company in order to achieve its target and get a profit in the business. The report describes the definition of business level strategy and types of this strategy. It also explains the significance of business level strategy. It explains the various business level strategies such as cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies. The business level strategy is considered as a firm position in an organization. These strategies help to obtain and gain sustainable competitive advantages. The business level strategies describe as a detail action which provides value to the customers and it also helps to gain competitive advantages by exploiting core values and competencies. These strategies help to identify and analyze the customer needs, wants and requirements. Strategic management process is a process that describes the organizational strategies. It is a continuing process in which the firm decides to implement and execute few selected effective strategies in the organization to meet the long-term goals and objectives. Michael Porter has developed a generic strategic model to gain the competitive advantages in the market. Mainly porter focuses on the three core strategies cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies. The business level strategies play a significant role in every business and trade. According to George Bock (2011), the business level strategy is a process of decision-making at the strategic business unit level. It identifies and evaluates that how strategic business unit guides and supports organizational goals and objectives (Boons, Montalvo, Quist Wagner, 2013). This strategy focuses on the specific market, product line and buyer which may show in different forms. The aim of this strategy is to gain the competit ive advantages in the market. This strategy monitors and focuses on the business units products and competitive position of the company within the specific industry and market segment. To diversify the business, the association creates various business units in the market. It supports and helps to establish competitive benefits among the competitors across the world and it also helps to reduce the cost of production. It develops innovation and modernization with the help of the company (Bocken, Short, Rana Evans, 2014). Business Level Strategies are the strategies that are made in an organization for better functioning. It creates a difference between the two competing companies according to the positions. To achieve greater heights what activities to perform to achieve those heights. In a business, every firm has to plan the best strategies as compared to its competitors. The business strategy is a blueprint which shows concern towards the customer by meeting their satisfaction and also thinking about its own position to achieve greater advantage then the competitors (Onetti, Zucchella, Jones McDougall-Covin, 2012). After various researches, it has been studied by the George Bock (2011) that business level strategy is important to achieve the long-term goals and objectives of the firm. The business level strategy focuses and monitors on the needs, requirements, and expectations of the customers in order to gain average returns. This strategy is related to the five forces of competition and competitors. This strategy provides value to customers and gains competitive benefits by exploiting core values and competencies in individual and specific product markets. In business level strategy, top management and managers will have to find a right balance between the quality and prices in order to gain revenue and profits. The various business level strategies have been discussed below (Zott, Amit Massa, 2011). The business level strategy based on the price and cost leadership. The cost is based on internal efficiency in order to maintain sustainability in the market. It is the strategy which monitors and evaluates the strategies executed in the association to reduce the cost of product and services in the market (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). It helps to differentiate its products in the market on the basis of low prices and cost. The cost of goods is based on the internal efficiency and productivity of the company. In this strategy, the profit margin is managed by the top management of the firm. In the 1970s the cost leadership strategy was universal and common. The low-cost strategy provides various advantages to the company and people as well. Further, the porter five forces model also plays a significant role in business level strategy. It includes the rivalry, customers, suppliers, new entrants, and substitutes. Under the cost leadership strategy, standardized and good quality of produc ts is provided to the customers with the lower prices and cost. It also helps to reduce the competition in the market. Many companies apply this strategy in their management by executing the complex organizational system within the organization. It also controls on the prices of products by minimizing and reducing the various expenses and costs in the market (Wollard Shuck, 2011). Cost leadership strategy is completely based on the price which prevails in a competitive market. It relates to the competing factor. A customer tries to reduce the type of cost structure of the commodity. They do so to make the value of the price relatively less. Producers are responsible for managing the price and value of the commodity. Cost leadership is efficient internally. This helps in sustaining the margins. In cost leadership strategy, companies are known for its low prices and higher growth returns. The cost of the product depends on the producers. The cost leadership in critical terms is a concept which is used while making strategies in business. It is a way which creates competition between the companies. Cost leadership refers to the cost of operation in the industry at low cost (Drnevich Croson, 2013). It has been studied that rivalry plays a vital role in business level strategy. In this strategy, the association does not prefer the initiate prices of the products. Boons Ldeke-Freund (2013) believed that the main reason behind of the companies of achieving success is that the lower cost of operations than those who operate in the same business. It means that they offer the companys product at a low price to compete with other companies by reducing the cost. In the stock of similar products, customers choose the product which has the lowest price. Customers are always in search of goods and services at a low cost and companys competitive attitude allows them to meet those services. By gaining a large number of customers they are able to become the leaders in the industry. This becomes the path of winning for the company. Bryman Bell ( 2015) says, Cost Leadership is simple but it is not easy. With such price, a cost leader is able to meet the target than that of a competitor. Cost leaders usually win as they deal with mainly the price. This makes the company profitable. This makes it innovative and makes them survive with the competitors on a low margin. They try to reduce the cost and just not the prices. The differentiation business level strategy is also unique and excellent. It provides unique and good quality of products and services to customers in the market. There are various ways to differentiate the several products and services such as features, dealer network, design, and customer service. By using the differentiating strategy, the company can generate unique circumstances and conditions for their competitors and buyers. Further, the company is producing unique and effective products and services to attract the more customers in the market. High-quality product, high customer service, rapid innovation etc. are a few key points of differentiation. A differentiated marketing strategy is when a company creates campaigns that appeal to at least two market segments or target groups. It has been studied by Drnevich Croson (2013) that differentiation means setting the company, managing the products and also the services. This allows the company to distinguish the companys brand f rom other companys brand. The strategies of differentiation are a set of integration that is created for producing or delivering the goods and services. This becomes important for the customer to perceive the things in better way. It is important to differentiate the product. It is a key to achieve success in the market, to compete with other companies, and in building the sustenance. If the customer is not aware of the superiority of the product or of the service then it is hard to compete in the existing market. It is important to tell the customers about the products superiority. The differentness of the company should be different from other company. This will be helpful in customer benefits. This differentness separates the company from its competitors. The difference should meet the companys growth. The company must find that difference and communicate it to the customer (Carney, Gedajlovic, Heugens, Van Essen Van Oosterhout, 2011). It has been analyzed that focus low-cost strategy also plays a vital role in business. It focuses on the specific market, product, and buyers in the market. This strategy serves the competitors with maintaining a wide range of products and services in the market. As a result, it reduces the cost of products and it is better for the clients. In the opinion of Williams Naumann (2011) that such kind of strategy gives its services only to those segments of customers that are small and desires the product at a low cost. Focused Low Cost is a strategy related to price in which an organization gives services at a low price to meet the demands and to gain profit in the market share. It is a type of generic strategy that is generally adopted by the company to perform its function on a regular basis. The strategy usually works where the brand has less or no competitors. This increases the scale of the company and is also profitable as it increases the volume of production of the firm. It has been evaluated that Focused low Price is also known as Low Price Strategy. Further, focused cost leadership strategy is a competitive strategy which competes with other company due to the price. They usually have to target in the narrow market. The companies which follow this strategy does not have to charge the prices which are lowest. Rath er than this, the company charges low prices relative to other firms that compete within the target market. The strategy of Focused Differentiation helps the company to compete with other company on the basis of consumers targeted segment. The Company is capable of serving the customers base than the customers more efficiently. The company has also a risk of segments going out of interest (Bharadwaj, El Sawy, Pavlou Venkatraman, 2013). The Customers usually lack interest in the companys product manufacturing. This becomes a risk for them to maintain or achieve the target. A focused differentiation strategy means targeting a small group of customers with a different variety of products. The point of this strategy is described in other sense. It has been analyzed that itis the second strategy among the four. A focused differentiation strategy offers those types of features that are able to fulfill the requirements of the narrow market (Kastalli Van Looy, 2013). Integrated cost leadership/differentiation is a business level strategy where differentiated products are offered at a low cost in the market. The products of integrated differentiation strategy provide a unique value to the characteristic of the customer. It is useful in gaining strong customer support (Hrebiniak, 2013). Many other products are also responsible for the growth of the company which helps them in gaining the advantage while competing. This gives a better returns and a profitable business. Products available from companies that follow this strategy of integrated cost differentiation strategy are differentiated less than what products the companies offer. Such products that are offered by the differentiators are at a low price but not as low as the leaders of low- cost. The company which faces risk decides to form or to implement integrated cost differentiation (Grant, 2016). The strategy followed by such differentiation gives a number of advantages to the firm. It has t he ability to focus majorly on reducing the cost of the product, adding a variety of features to the product that differentiates it from the other products prevailing in the market for which customer usually have to pay a different amount. The Companies usually fail to pay continues attention toward the requirements which stuck them in the middle. This also avoids them to form generic strategies in the market (Campbell, Edgar Stonehouse, 2011). On the above discussion, it has been concluded that business level strategy plays a vital role in business activities and operation. There is a brief description of the strategies planned by the business. The report serves a benefit to those organizations that fail to achieve the target in the selected areas. The business level strategies are important in order to meet the long-term targets and objectives within the organization. Further, strategic management approaches and strategies are integral and significant part of the business and trade. The firm cannot run the business effectively and efficiently without strategic management approaches and strategies. References Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. Bocken, N.M.P., Short, S.W., Rana, P. and Evans, S., 2014. A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, pp.42-56. Boons, F. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.9-19. Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J. and Wagner, M., 2013. Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.1-8. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Campbell, D., Edgar, D. and Stonehouse, G., 2011.Business strategy: an introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Carney, M., Gedajlovic, E.R., Heugens, P.P., Van Essen, M. and Van Oosterhout, J.H., 2011. Business group affiliation, performance, context, and strategy: A meta-analysis.Academy of Management Journal,54(3), pp.437-460. Drnevich, P.L. and Croson, D.C., 2013. Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective.Mis Quarterly,37(2). George, G. and Bock, A.J., 2011. The business model in practice and its implications for entrepreneurship research.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,35(1), pp.83-111. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Hrebiniak, L.G., 2013.Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press. Kastalli, I.V. and Van Looy, B., 2013. Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), pp.169-180. Onetti, A., Zucchella, A., Jones, M.V. and McDougall-Covin, P.P., 2012. Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-based firms.Journal of Management Governance,16(3), pp.337-368. Williams, P. and Naumann, E., 2011. Customer satisfaction and business performance: a firm-level analysis.Journal of services marketing,25(1), pp.20-32. Wollard, K.K. and Shuck, B., 2011. Antecedents to employee engagement: A structured review of the literature.Advances in Developing Human Resources,13(4), pp.429-446. Zott, C., Amit, R. and Massa, L., 2011. The business model: recent developments and future research.Journal of management,37(4), pp.1019-1042.

The Dead Essay Example For Students

The Dead Essay a. Beginning when first enters Aunts house (warmth) he is out of the snow = coldness, isolation and inhumanity. But when enters the home he is surrounded with warmth and acceptance. Pages 10-11b. Page 25 Gabriel was nervous about presenting his speech and sought comfort at a window. Looking outside at the falling snow, Gabriel he received a form of release, escape and feeling that he is unknown. c. At the end of the story, when Gabriel is with his wife Gretta, snow symbolizes a new awareness. He realizes that he looks too heavily upon himself and should look towards others and become more compassionate. a.Pages 12-13 When contemplating speech he considers changing it because he feels that nobody will be able to understand this level of intelligence. This shows that he thinks of himself to be at a higher standing than the rest, he is arrogant and vain. We will write a custom essay on The Dead specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now b. Page 14 When the aunts and Gretta are discussing the goloshes which Gabriel insisted Gretta wear, they are pleasantly mocking him and making light of the situation. But Gabriel takes it personally, because everything deals with him, and he gets angry/heated. c.Page 12 Gabriel gives a coin to Lily, the caretakers daughter, and she tried to refuse but he just keeps on walking. After leaving he was disappointed that a person would refuse his offers. He offered the coin to Lily to boost his ego. d.Pages 21-23 while dancing with Miss Ivors, she mentions to him that she has noticed his article in a Briton paper. Henceforth she gets on his case and he admits to not liking Ireland. He believes that the Irish are of lower standing, not very educated and uncultured. 3)What is realized with Gretta? What does he realize about himself? What happens?a.Gabriel find outs from his wife Gretta that he was not her first love, Michael Furey was. Knowing that Michael loved his wife more than he himself had at the time. This was when he noticed that he was vain and arrogant. Gabriel noticed that he has never touched the place in her heart that her lover of age 17 had, he died for her. Gabriel never asked of Grettas life, it never mattered to him, but now he sees how much he has never cared. a.the music which was being played was all written or performed by dead musicians type of immortalityb. the Irish traditions are dying humanity, hospitality, kindly humor a.Ireland humanity, hospitality, kindly humorb.America prayer in schools, hospitality, sanctity of marriages Bibliography: