Essay --

Introduction A lot of NCAA division 1 athletes come from poor backgrounds. In fact over 85 percent of college athletes live below the poverty line. Playing a sport in college is appealing to underprivileged athletes because it provides them with the opportunity to receive a scholarship for an raising that they otherwise would not have be able to afford (Hayes). However, although they are getting a scholarship, it is very hard for many of these athletes to afford things other than the necessities that are provided to them by their school (Hartnett). One solution is to get a job. Though, pay offing time for a job between class, practice, studying, traveling and competing can prove to be very difficult. Another option for athletes is to earn money by using their image and athletic ability for profit. However, the NCAA has rules that control many financial actions of student athletes and purely prohibit them using their image and athleticism for money(NCAA). They justify this control by arguing that these rules protect the idea of amateurism. Amateurism is when an activity is done as a hobby and not a profession. The National College Athletic Association NCAA believes that amateurism in college athletics is beneficial and thinks that student athletes should not receive any type of payment for cosmos a college athlete (National Collegiate). Ever since its inception, the NCAA has enforced rules that protect amateurism (Treadway). Currently, these rules are causing a lot of controversy. Some people believe that the NCAA is limiting the actions of players so a lot that it is illegal. Others believe that NCAA rules are just and necessary for maintaining the best academic environment for student athletes.Ed OBannon experienced what ... ...ht up in the case and persuade jurors to decide in their favor (Differences). Once the jurors have seen the evidence and heard the arguments they will deliberate. This is when they come together and discuss the trial. They then must decide whether to find for the defendant or plaintiff (American). If the losing side believes that the case was not conducted correctly they have the right to appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals (Federal).The OBannon lawsuit is a courteous case in United States territorial dominion Court in the Northern District of California. So far, the case is still in the pretrial stage. Judge Claudia Wilken, the District Court judge for the Northern District of California, certified this case as a class action suit after a motion from OBannon (McCann). This allows more than one plaintiff to sue the same plaintiff (Roos). The hearing is scheduled for July 2014.

Breast Cancer Essay -- Diseases/Disorders

Breast crabby person is the second most common cancer in the world (Breast). Every three minutes a woman is diagnosed one in eight women will have breast cancer (Walgreens, 2011 Chen, 2010). I have to admit, like so many women, I always knew there was a chance. But like so many women, I never approximation it would be me. I never thought Id hear those devastating words You have breast cancer. - Debbie Wasserman Schultz, a democratic representative of Florida (2011).Mutations turn genes on and off, activate diseases all women have a chance of developing breast cancer (Understanding Breast). Unhealthy cells divide and form a tumor. The tumor can be friendly and not dangerous. Malignant tumors can become potentially dangerous (Understanding). The cancer becomes invasive when it spreads to other breast areas. crabmeat that has not invaded other breast tissues system noninvasive noninvasive cancer can become invasive if not treated (Chen, 2010). If cancer cells get into the lymph no des, the cells can get into the bloodstream and spread end-to-end the body (Understanding Rosen, 2011). Ductal carcinoma cancer starts in the breast milk ducts (Chen, 2010). The milk ducts drain milk from the lobules to the nipple 50-75% of breast cancer starts in the ducts (Understanding Facts). Lobular carcinoma cancer develops in the lobules which produce milk 10-15% of breast cancer starts in the lobules (Chen, 2010 Facts). Breast cancer starting in another area is rare (Chen, 2010). Rarely, a phyllodes tumor develops in the stroma or connective tissue of the breast (Rosen, 2011). Inflammatory breast cancer accounts for 1% to 3% of breast cancers. The skin of the breast looks red and feels warm with no lump due to cancer cells blocking... ...greens. (2011, September 28). Behind The Scenes of Lifetimes FIVE Video file. Retrieved November 16, 2015 from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeVZg2lWIlwUnderstanding Breast Cancer. Breastcancer.org. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from http//w ww.breastcancer.org/About Breast Cancer. National Breast Cancer Foundation, Inc.. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from http//www.nationalbreastcancer.org/Facts for Life. Susan G. Komen for the Cure. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from http//ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/FactsForLife.htmlBreast Cancer Facts. The Breast Cancer Society Inc.. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from http//www.breastcancersociety.org/aboutbreastcancer/factsandstatistics/breastcancerfact.shtmlRosen, Leo and Rosen, Gloria. (2011).Learn About Cancer. American Cancer Society. Retrieved November 26, 2015 from http//www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/index

This is gay :: essays research papers

nstalling over Windows 2000 releases-------------------------------------Typical and abounding proveations are non currently available for Windows 2000. meshwork venturer 6 will chime in a minimal set of files onto your system. This includes the net profit explorer 6 Web browser and scripting put up.Uninstalling profit Explorer 6 before upgrading to Windows 2000----------------------------------------------------------------Windows 2000 contains an earlier chance variable of Internet Explorer components than Internet Explorer 6. Before upgrading from Windows 98, Windows 98 abet Edition, or Windows NT to Windows 2000, it is recommended that users uninstall Internet Explorer 6. During the upgrade, you whitethorn receive the following message "This program may not run correctly because of new features in Internet Explorer 4.0. You may need to obtain an updated version of this program." Although this message is misleading, please click the expound button for a moreacc urate description of the problem.Downloading Internet Explorer 6 using a non-Microsoft download manager------------------------------------------------------------------During the Internet Explorer 6 installation, Setup mustiness download components from the Internet. Users who are utilizing non-Microsoft download managers (for example, Netzip, GetRight, or RealAudios Download Demon) will intercept download requests. This will cause Setup to abort. To prevent this from occurring, alter non-Microsoft download managers before running Setup.High encryption support for Internet Explorer 6--------------------------------------------------------------High encryption components are included for Windows 98, Windows 98 warrant Edition, and Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 6a. Windows Millennium Edition contains high encryption by default. To obtain high encryption support for Windows 2000, please visit Windows modify at http//www.windowsupdate.microsoft.com/ or http//www.microsoft.com/windows 2000/downloads/recommended/encryption/default.asp.Installing or upgrading the Windows Desktop Update (Windows NT 4.0 only)-------------------------------------------------------------If you have already installed Internet Explorer 6 and would like to install the Windows Desktop Update, you must install Internet Explorer 4.01 SP2 before installing the upgrade.>>>To install Windows Desktop Update1. Uninstall Internet Explorer 6 by using the procedure expound later in this document.2. If Internet Explorer 4.01 SP2 is not already installed on your computer, install it.3. Install the Windows Desktop Update by clicking Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel.4. Reinstall Internet Explorer 6.Previous version unavailable after uninstalling Internet Explorer 6-------------------------------------------------------------------After uninstalling Internet Explorer 6, it is not possible to remove the browser that was installed prior to Internet Explorer 6.Installing over localized Windows 98 Arabic and Hebraical releases---------------------------------------------------------------Windows 98 Arabic and Hebraic versions require the corresponding localized version of Internet Explorer 6. It is not possible to install the English version of Internet Explorer over the Hebrew andArabic localized versions of Windows 98. Installing Internet Explorer 6 with Norton Protected Recycle Bin This is gay essays research papers nstalling over Windows 2000 releases-------------------------------------Typical and full installations are not currently available for Windows 2000. Internet Explorer 6 will install a minimal set of files onto your system. This includes the Internet Explorer 6 Web browser and scripting support.Uninstalling Internet Explorer 6 before upgrading to Windows 2000----------------------------------------------------------------Windows 2000 contains an earlier version of Internet Explorer components than Internet Explorer 6. Before upgrading from Windows 98, Wind ows 98 Second Edition, or Windows NT to Windows 2000, it is recommended that users uninstall Internet Explorer 6. During the upgrade, you may receive the following message "This program may not run correctly because of new features in Internet Explorer 4.0. You may need to obtain an updated version of this program." Although this message is misleading, please click the Details button for a moreaccurate description of the problem.Downloading Internet Explorer 6 using a non-Microsoft download manager------------------------------------------------------------------During the Internet Explorer 6 installation, Setup must download components from the Internet. Users who are utilizing non-Microsoft download managers (for example, Netzip, GetRight, or RealAudios Download Demon) will intercept download requests. This will cause Setup to abort. To prevent this from occurring, disable non-Microsoft download managers before running Setup.High encryption support for Internet Explorer 6- -------------------------------------------------------------High encryption components are included for Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, and Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 6a. Windows Millennium Edition contains high encryption by default. To obtain high encryption support for Windows 2000, please visit Windows Update at http//www.windowsupdate.microsoft.com/ or http//www.microsoft.com/windows2000/downloads/recommended/encryption/default.asp.Installing or upgrading the Windows Desktop Update (Windows NT 4.0 only)-------------------------------------------------------------If you have already installed Internet Explorer 6 and would like to install the Windows Desktop Update, you must install Internet Explorer 4.01 SP2 before installing the upgrade.>>>To install Windows Desktop Update1. Uninstall Internet Explorer 6 by using the procedure described later in this document.2. If Internet Explorer 4.01 SP2 is not already installed on your computer, install it.3. Install the Win dows Desktop Update by clicking Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel.4. Reinstall Internet Explorer 6.Previous version unavailable after uninstalling Internet Explorer 6-------------------------------------------------------------------After uninstalling Internet Explorer 6, it is not possible to remove the browser that was installed prior to Internet Explorer 6.Installing over localized Windows 98 Arabic and Hebrew releases---------------------------------------------------------------Windows 98 Arabic and Hebrew versions require the corresponding localized version of Internet Explorer 6. It is not possible to install the English version of Internet Explorer over the Hebrew andArabic localized versions of Windows 98. Installing Internet Explorer 6 with Norton Protected Recycle Bin

Sports and Gender Essays -- Female Sports Film Movies Essays

Sports become stereotyped as gender-neutral, feminine, or manlike based on conceptions regarding gender, gender differences, and beliefs close to the bookness of affair due to gender (Colley et al., 1987 Csizma, Wittig, & Schurr, 1988 Koivula, 1995 Matteo, 1986). Sports labeled as feminine seem to be those that allow women participants to act in accordance with the stereotyped expectations of femininity (such as being graceful and nonagressive) and that provide for beauty and aesthetic pleasure (based on largely male standards). A amuse is labeled as masculine if it involves the following 1) attempts to physically overpower the opponent(s) by bodily contact 2) a direct use of bodily force to a heavy object 3) a projection of the proboscis into or through space over distance and 4) face-to-face competition in situations in which bodily contact may occur. These feature articles are believed to be appropriate expressions of masculine attributes such as aggressiveness, effectiv eness, and power (Metheny, 1965 Koivula, 2001). In a recent study, 403 participants were first asked to answer a short questionnaire regarding their gender, age, and physical use habits. They then perfect a questionnaire regarding perceived characteristics of a rollick. In this latter questionnaire, the respondent was asked to rate to what degree the descriptor is characteristic of the sport or those practicing the sport using a seven-point scale from 1 (Not at all characteristic of the sport/sport participant) to 7 (Very much characteristic of the sport/sport participant). For each participant, the sport to be rated was randomly selected out of 41 different sports, 19 of which had been previously labeled gender-neutral, 7 of which ha... ...3, November/December). Women in sport cringe or megatrend? The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 64(9), 49-52.Huckaby, A. M. (1994). Womens athletics. Unpublished Manuscript Kenyon College Athletic Department.Koivula, N. ( 1995). Ratings of gender appropriateness of sports participation Effects ofgender-based schematic processing. Sex Roles, 33, 543-557.Koivula, N. (2001). perceive characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral,feminine and masculine. Journal of Sport Behavior, 12-01-01, 337.Matteo, S. (1986). The effects of sex and gender-schematic processing on sportparticipation. Sex Roles, 15,417-432.Sports Illustrated cnnsi.com. (2000). Reactions Womens boxing.UNH Presidents Commission on the condition of Women. (1994). Report on the Status of Women Profile of Women Students at the University of NH. Sports and Gender Essays -- Female Sports Film Movies EssaysSports become stereotyped as gender-neutral, feminine, or masculine based on conceptions regarding gender, gender differences, and beliefs about the appropriateness of participation due to gender (Colley et al., 1987 Csizma, Wittig, & Schurr, 1988 Koivula, 1995 Matteo, 1986). Sports labeled as feminine seem to be th ose that allow women participants to act in accordance with the stereotyped expectations of femininity (such as being graceful and nonagressive) and that provide for beauty and aesthetic pleasure (based on largely male standards). A sport is labeled as masculine if it involves the following 1) attempts to physically overpower the opponent(s) by bodily contact 2) a direct use of bodily force to a heavy object 3) a projection of the body into or through space over distance and 4) face-to-face competition in situations in which bodily contact may occur. These characteristics are believed to be appropriate expressions of masculine attributes such as aggressiveness, effectiveness, and power (Metheny, 1965 Koivula, 2001). In a recent study, 403 participants were first asked to answer a short questionnaire regarding their gender, age, and physical exercise habits. They then completed a questionnaire regarding perceived characteristics of a sport. In this latter questionnaire, the responden t was asked to rate to what degree the descriptor is characteristic of the sport or those practicing the sport using a seven-point scale from 1 (Not at all characteristic of the sport/sport participant) to 7 (Very much characteristic of the sport/sport participant). For each participant, the sport to be rated was randomly selected out of 41 different sports, 19 of which had been previously labeled gender-neutral, 7 of which ha... ...3, November/December). Women in sport backlash or megatrend? The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 64(9), 49-52.Huckaby, A. M. (1994). Womens athletics. Unpublished Manuscript Kenyon College Athletic Department.Koivula, N. (1995). Ratings of gender appropriateness of sports participation Effects ofgender-based schematic processing. Sex Roles, 33, 543-557.Koivula, N. (2001). Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral,feminine and masculine. Journal of Sport Behavior, 12-01-01, 337.Matteo, S. (1986). The effects of sex and gender-schematic processing on sportparticipation. Sex Roles, 15,417-432.Sports Illustrated cnnsi.com. (2000). Reactions Womens boxing.UNH Presidents Commission on the Status of Women. (1994). Report on the Status of Women Profile of Women Students at the University of NH.

Macbeth is Solely to Blame for his Demise :: William Shakespeare

The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is a tragedy of the rise and fall of a power-hungry solider named Macbeth. Macbeths gluttony, pride, and ambitions conduct him to turn into an unstable, callous man who would stop at nothing honourable to gain power. His greed to achieve more power resulted in the merciless killings of his king, shell friend, and other innocent citizens. Eventually, the guilt of the deeds he was committing manifested itself in the form of hallucinations which contributed to the downfall of his supremacy. With him being weak enough to succumb to his wifes thirst of power, and being the unity to physically kill Duncan, which makes him solely responsible for the grasp of disarray that unfolded throughout the play. At first, Macbeth is introduced as a courageous, valiant soldier, who does so well fighting in war that he is honored with the title of the Thane of Glamis by King Duncan. On his way home, Macbeth encounters three witches who tell him t hat he allow become king. It is at this even out that he first considers assassinateing Duncan so that the prophecy can be fulfilled ?My thoughts, whose murder yet is but fantastical? (I,2,151). This thought was the beginning of a chain of events that would soon lead to his demise. Although he does reconsider murder and decides to leave his future to chance, until, of course, his wife convinces him otherwise. When Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth about how will become king he just adds to her overly ambitious attitude so much to the point that she convinces him to go murder. If he had not told her and just put himself in the hands of fate, it?s attainable that Macbeth still would have become king without causing the death of the people who cared for him. It is arguable that Lady Macbeth could be the one to blame for the outcome of the play because she persuades Macbeth to murder Duncan, but it was not her who gave Macbeth the daggers, she didn?t lay a hand on Duncan. Moreover, i t was Macbeth who killed the guards that he and Lady Macbeth planned to accuse of the murder. The fact of the matter is Macbeth had the free will to choose to avoid everything he got himself into.After the killing of Duncan, Macbeth is becomes king, but his mind wrought with guilt which causes uneasiness and hallucinations.

Macbeth is Solely to Blame for his Demise :: William Shakespeare

The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is a tragedy of the rise and fall of a power-hungry solider named Macbeth. Macbeths gluttony, pride, and ambitions led him to turn into an unstable, callous man who would stop at nothing just to gain power. His greed to achieve more power resulted in the merciless cleanings of his king, best friend, and other innocent citizens. Eventually, the guilt of the deeds he was committing manifested itself in the form of hallucinations which contributed to the downfall of his supremacy. With him being weak enough to succumb to his wifes thirst of power, and being the one to physically kill Dun rear, which makes him solely responsible for the cosmic string of disarray that unfolded throughout the play. At first, Macbeth is introduced as a courageous, valiant soldier, who does so well fighting in war that he is honored with the title of the Thane of Glamis by King Duncan. On his way home, Macbeth encounters three witches who tell him that h e will become king. It is at this point that he first considers hiting Duncan so that the prophecy can be fulfilled ?My thoughts, whose murder yet is but fantastical? (I,2,151). This thought was the beginning of a chain of events that would soon lead to his demise. Although he does reconsider murder and decides to leave his future to chance, until, of course, his wife convinces him otherwise. When Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth about how will become king he just adds to her overly ambitious attitude so practically to the point that she convinces him to go murder. If he had not told her and just put himself in the hands of fate, it?s possible that Macbeth still would have become king without do the death of the people who cared for him. It is arguable that Lady Macbeth could be the one to blame for the outcome of the play because she persuades Macbeth to murder Duncan, but it was not her who gave Macbeth the daggers, she didn?t lay a hand on Duncan. Moreover, it was Macbeth who killed the guards that he and Lady Macbeth planned to accuse of the murder. The fact of the matter is Macbeth had the free will to choose to avoid everything he got himself into.After the killing of Duncan, Macbeth is becomes king, but his mind wrought with guilt which causes uneasiness and hallucinations.

Knowledge vs. Ignorance Essay

Everyone has the right to attain intimacy. Having companionship pile lead one to do great things, such as achieving a good agree on a test, perspicacious what to do in cases of emergencies, or achieve things like winning a debate, contest, race, or game. And even though attaining acquaintance doesnt always come with happiness, knowledge can give one the power and opportunity to influence others and their choices and decisions. To best prove a mortal unconventional in a debate or argument, knowledge is needed to make a good enough visor to prove the opposing side wrong.Even though ignorance is bliss, knowledge is power because knowledge comes with the power to influence, knowledge is power when making a point, and with knowledge, one is able to make their own decisions base on what they know. familiarity is power because it can come with the power to influence ones choices as well as others. In The Great Gatsby, during chapter 6, snick Carraway gives the reader an insight of Jay Gatsbys past. Nick tells us, He was employed in a vague personal capacitywhile he remained with Cody he was in turn steward, mate, skipper, secretary, and even jailor, for Dan Cody sober knew what plentiful doings Dan Cody drunk might soon be ab place, and he provided for such contingencies by reposing more and more trust in Gatsby. It was indirectly due to Cody that Gatsby drank so little. (Gatsby 100) Gatsby had the knowledge of how passel acted when drunk first handed. What he had witnessed with Dan Cody influenced him drink only rarely. Also in chapter 6, Nick gives us the idea where Gatsby would have first gotten the retrieve at a wealthy life. Nick tells us, And it was from Cody that he inherited moneya legacy of twenty-five thousand dollars. He didnt keep up it. He never understood the legal devise that was used against him, but what remained of the millions went intact was left with his singularly appropriate education the vague contour of Jay Gatsby hid filled o ut to the substantiality of a man.(Gatsby 100) From this we can see that Gatsby attained enough knowledge to be capable to do whatever it takes to become wealthy. And being a dispel of the wealthy also influenced his choices to do what it takes to make it to the top, even if it is done through illegal means, which we find out later on in the book that it does.cognition is also power because of the fact that having knowledge can make others look up to the person who holds it, for they seem wiser and may hold the right answers and steer them in a direction, good or bad. When I was in sixth grade, we had a grouping lab in science class. No one in my group had any idea on how to complete the assignment that was assigned, except me. With the knowledge I had attained from my science teachers lessons, I was able to influence my lab partners to learn to what I thought should be done and was able to steer my group into getting a B- on our assignment. Having knowledge is power when making a point because it allow help prove the opposing side wrong and express others that you are in the right. In the heated fight amidst tom turkey and Gatsby in a hotel suite in New York City, Tom had do sure he had attained enough knowledge to the highest degree Gatsby, his past and who he is, to persuade Daisy that he is not the one for her and that he isnt what she really wants, and also to convince her to love him and forget Gatsby.In the middle of the argument, Tom exclaims to Gatsby, Who are you, in any case? Youre one of that bunch that hangs around with Meyer Wolfsheimthat much I happen to know. Ive made a little investigation into your affairsand Ill take away it further to-morrow. I found out what your drug-stores were. He turned to us and spoke rapidly. He and this Wolfsheim brought up a lot of side-street drug stores here and in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter. Thats one of his little stunts. I picked him for a bootlegger the first time I see him, a nd I wasnt far wrong. (Gatsby 133) This shows the reader the effort Tom has made to really gather his information about Gatsby to prove him wrong. With the knowledge that Tom had gained about Gatsby, he had the right information to show Daisy that Gatsby isnt who she thought he was, and that Gatsby was not fooling anyone about who he really is and his past. And after Tom had brought up Walter Chase, Gatsby had an unfamiliar expression on his face. Nick tells us, Then I turned back to Gatsbyand was startled at his expression.He lookedand this is said in all disrespect for the babbled slander of his gardenas if he had killed a man. It passed, and he began to talk excitedly to Daisy, denying everything, defending his name against accusations that had not been made. But with every word she was bill of exchange further and further into herself, so he gave that up, and only the dead dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, (Gatsby 134) This line of achievement shows the reader that Tom has made his point well enough to scare Gatsby, and well enough to convince Daisy to realize that Gatsby is just not the kind of person she wants to be with. Tom showed up Gatsby, and with knowledge, Tom was able to prove his point which makes puts him with more power over Gatsby and even Daisy. For afterward, Tom commands to Daisy and Gatsby, You two start on home, Daisy, in Mr. Gatsbys Car. Go on. He wont annoy you. I think he realizes that his presumptuous little flirtation is over. They were gone, without a word, snapped out, made accidental, isolated, like ghosts, even from our pity. (Gatsby 135)This passage shows Toms power over Gatsby and Daisy after proving them both wrong of their thought with the knowledge that he had attained. Attaining knowledge is power because one is and then able to make what they think is the best decision are for them or for others based off of what they know. But having this power also has its consequences. During dinner at the Buchanans house, a phone call for Tom interrupts dinner. When he had gone into another room to attend to the call, Jordan Baker eavesdrops on the conversation. Jordan then tells nick, in front of Daisy, Toms got a woman in New York.(Gatsby 15) Later on that evening, Daisy says to Nick, Im glad its a girl. And I hope shell be a foolthats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.(Gatsby 17)These statements show Daisys knowledge about Toms affair with another woman. Even though she doesnt use her knowledge to change the way things are between her relationships with Tom, she deals with the consequences that come with it. Knowing the about Toms affair leads her to deal with an unhappy life. But with knowledge of her feelings emotions for Tom and her knowledge of how love can hurt, she knows that she would want her daughter will be a beautiful fool, oblivious to the bad and the wrong in the world. So her daughter may live a hap pier life not having knowledge of the bad things in life that has made Daisy unhappy. Some people argue that ignorance is bliss because what you dont know doesnt hurt you. Some people believe ignorant people live a happier life. They believe that not knowing every detail could sometimes spare hurt, stress, and depression. These people are wrong because without knowledge, ignorant people would not really know the truth about a situation and they would be oblivious to what is really going and may get hurt when they finally realize the truth.For example, in chapter 1 of The Great Gatsby, Daisy tells Nick, Im glad its a girl. And I hope shell be a foolthats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool. (Gatsby17) Daisy wants her daughter to grow up to be oblivious to all the hurt in the world so she can be happy, unlike how Daisy is, living day by day knowing that her husband has been having an affair with another woman. When the truth comes out, being ignorant an d oblivious may not hold a happy ending. Having knowledge is very cardinal for a person to have. Without knowledge, we would not be able to consider things for ourselves and make good decisions.For one to have the power to influence others choices and decisions, they must have knowledge to persuade others. Proving someone wrong in an argument or disagreement takes knowledge to show them and witnesses that the opposing side is wrong. Even though holding knowledge of a certain subject can have its consequences, the one who holds it will be able to make what they think the best decisions are for them or others based off of what they know. Attaining knowledge is a very important key in life. It can open many doors and opportunities for one who is willing to attain it. Knowledge can come with happiness, but not always. But knowledge will for sure get one further in life than one who is ignorant to their touch and oblivious to situations.

Political and Economic Environment Comparison Essay

The political and economic environments in the midst of rib Rica and Mexico have similarities as well as differences. There are strong values and ethical views from both cultures that need to be compared and respected before there is complete understanding. The competency to understand each cultures description and detailed information will determine how both cultures are able to understand each separate and other surrounding cultures with similar views. The political views are discussed from both countries, Mexico and costa Rica, and the economy is compared and contrasted to show overall cultural develop and egress.Political and Economic Environments of costa Rica costa Rica is nonpareil of the fastest growing nations right now, its governing body is one that is cognize as one of the oldest democracies in Central America, often looked upon by other countries as a model of achievement when discussing Latin American governments. However unlike most of their neighbors, Cost a Rica has not suffered through the usual dictatorships or civil wars since their current system was implemented in 1948. In Costa Rica Presidential elections take place every four years and the president is elected by general vote just as the American vote.The rule of thumb is that the president is elected with at minimum 40 percent of the popular vote or a runoff election will need to be held to make the final decision. The judicial branch has the final say in terms of administering justice in Costa Rica, this branch of government is made up of the Supreme Court, appellate courts and trial courts. Costa Ricas governing system includes 22 magistrates, which are selected by the legislative assembly that takes place every eight years.The current President of Costa Rica is Laura Chinchilla, although the current President is a woman, Costa Rica has been ran by very strong male leaders in the past, a few notable politicians in Costa Rica are Oscar Arias Sanchez, who was also a Nobel calm Prize winner (1987) and also the President of the Republic (19861990, 2006-current). Another past president of Costa Rica was Juan Primitivo Prospero Fernandez Oreamuno from 1882 to 1885. He fought in the war of 1856-1857 against William Walker and participated in the armed forces coup that overthrew Jesus Jimenez in 1870. Economic Factors of Costa RicaCosta Rica like many other countries uses trade to level economy. Trade brings in the income and a medley of food and merchandise. Here are a few countries Costa Rica is in trades with. The joined States, Netherlands, China (including the special region of Hong Kong, Japan, Venezuela, Mexico, and Brazil (2005) (Foley, 2008). A few other countries that Costa Rica has signed trade agreements with include, Canada, Chile, The Dominican Republic, Panama, and several Caribbean Community countries. The total value of exports is $2. 9 billion (1996) partners with Germany, Italy, Guatemala, El Salvador, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and France.Total value of imports was at $3. 4 billion in (1996) partners with the United States, Japan, Mexico, Guatemala. In 2000 trade was $6. 1 billion. In 2009 there was a two-way trade between the United States and Costa Rica exceeding $9. 6 billion. One major industry includes The Intel Corporation, which opened a chip-manufacturing plant in 1998. The garment assembly and tuna processing industries are important. The industrial production growth rate in 1992 was at 10. 5%. Costa Rica use these main industries, food processing textiles, clothing, construction materials, fertilizers, and plastic products.Others include aluminum processing, a petrochemical plant at Moin, a tuna-processing plant at Golfito, and an oil refinery at Puerto Limon. According to the Infocostarica staff, tourism is another major industry. Some 400,000 foreign tourists dog-tired United States $164 million in 1998. In 1992 more than half a million foreigners visited Costa Rica, and spent an estimated $20 mil lion, 15,000 jobs sites were also created within the first 6 months of that year. Costa Rica has been listed the lowest unemployment in all Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2001 the unemployment rate was at 6. %.In 2010 the unemployment rate was 6. 7%. The Cost Rican Union of cloistered Business Chambers and Associations (Uccaep) reported 15,000 lost jobs in the month of December 2008. The unemployment level was set a t 4. 9 in 2008, whereas it was expecting to rise 6% in 2009. The Nations International Labor Organization (OIT) listed Costa Rica as the lowest employment rate. The report also noted that more than half the new jobs generated in 2007 in the entire region are considered to be low-paying jobs such as mine, construction and factory workers, transportation, and warehouse workers.Women in Costa Rica continue to be a disadvantage even though women have a higher level of education than men the average salary paid to women is 26% lower. Costa Rica is known to use what the y call currency as colon (CRC). Notes of 500 1,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 colon, coins 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, cemtimos, one USD 517 (CRC) in 2007 (Foley, 2008). Currency is subdivided into 100 centimos. The Costaricans have slang terms for the currency, one simulation is for the colon bill of 100 called teja. In recent clock the colon has tended to depreciate against the dollar by to the highest degree 10% annually. Political and Economic Environments of MexicoMexico has a federation of about 31 states including the Federal District or (Mexico City, DF). pic There are three branches within the Federal Government in Mexico such as Executive, Legislative and Judicial but all are very centralized in practice and most of the power with the executive branch. This branch includes the picPresident, whom is elected to a 6 year term, called a sexenio. The President in Mexico can not be re-elected. pic The President is able to appoint closest collaborators which are referred to as the governme nts Department Secretaries/Ministers (Politics of pic Mexico 2006).The Legislative Branch (Congreso de la Union has two parts Senate and Congress. There are 128 Senators in the Senate and 500 Congressmen in Congress. The Senators have 96 fractions which are directly elelcted by simple pic votes within districts, 32 are allocated by proportional pic bases picon the partys popular vote. All senators serve a 6 year term. The Congressmen, have 300 member which are directly elected by the majority of the votes within districts pic while the rest of the 200 member are picked by popular vote from each party. All Congress members serve a 3 year term.Both the Senate and Congress members cannot be re-elected. down the stairs is a list of todays current Government Officials since 2006. Here are a few examples of current politicians in Mexico starting with the President creation Felipe Calderon Hinojosa, the Foreign Secretary is Patricia Espinosa Cantellano, the Ambassador to the U. S. is Ar turo Sarukhan Casmitjana, and the Ambassador to the United Nations is Claude Heller Rouassant. Mexico also has its share of picfamous politicians and holds large pride in each persons success representing the country.Such great people are Robert Madrazo Pintado, Rosario Robles, and Moctezuma Ilhuicamina. Roberto Madrazo Pintado, a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was the candidate of the alliance between the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) and his party during the 2006 Presidential Election. Another famous person was Rosario Robles. She was born in 1956 and a left-wing Mexican politician who was appointed substitutes passing of Government of the Federal District or Mayor of Mexico City.Lastly, a famous earlier century (1398-1469) politician Moctezuma or Motecuhzoma Illhuicamina was the fifth Aztec emperor before Christopher capital of Ohio discovered the Americas (wikipedia. org). Economic Factors of Mexico Mexico has several major industries which include vehicles, machinery, cement, pottery, iron and steel, mining, agriculture, oil and natural gas production, and aluminum refining. (Altepedia, 2009). Mexicos official currency is the Mexican Peso, and one hundred centavos (Mexican cents) are equal to one peso. Like the American dollar, the symbol for a Mexican peso is the dollar sign.However, the symbol is displayed slightly differently to sponsor one distinguish between the two. For example, sometimes peso amounts will be shown with the letters MX in front of the dollar sign (MX$). Other times the amount will have the letters MN after the amount ($500 MN). The letters MN stand for Moneda Nacional, in English translation it bureau National Currency. Similar to other currencies, the Mexican pesos value fluctuates daily because this currency is free floating (Mexperience, 2010). The country has three main profession partners including the USA, European Union, and Japan.In 1986, Mexico joined the Gene ral Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT). After this exports to all countries began to rise. Between the years 1985 and 1993, exports went up 80 percent. In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) began. This agreement removed most of the barriers to trade between the countries in North America (United States, Mexico, and Canada) (Williams, 2004). Once the implementation of NAFTA took place, Mexicos exports growth nearly doubled. The countries major exports include Chemicals, Coffee, Cotton, Fruit andVegetables, Machinery and Industrial Goods, Oil and Gas, Shrimps (Altepedia, 2009, p. 1). Unfortunately, during recent years the Mexican Economy began to change. During the last few years, Mexico has experienced a downturn in the economy. As a result employment levels began to drop. The economic downturn along with a recent increase in violence on the United States Mexico border has damaged many of the countrys manufacturing plants. Several of the countrys Industria Ma nufacturera, Maquildora y de Servicios de Exportacion (IMMEX) plants shut down.In Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua employment levels decreased from 214,272 in July 2007 to 168,011 in December 2009 (Angeles Villarreal, 2010, p. 11). During this period, 46,261 jobs were lost. In Tijuana, Baja California, during the same period 37, 148 jobs were lost. These cities had the largest number of jobs in export assembly plants, but many more people were affected. The entire countrys export employment rate decreased from 1,910,112 to 1,641,465. The countrys total number of jobs lost between July 2007 and December 2009 was 268, 647 (Angeles Villarreal, 2010).ConclusionWe have read about politics in Costa Rica and Mexico. How the government handles the absolute. Although each country has a president, the politicians can easily overrule democracy. Costa Rica and Mexicos major industries are around similar in content, although Mexico beats Costa Rica by one essence, pottery, while Costa Rica sky rockets with its tourism. The unemployment rate in both countries is at an ultimate low. That gives us clarity on why so many Latinos flee to the U. S. Many believe there is more to opportunity. Is that the only way out? Will Costa Rica and Mexico beat the odds?

Identity: Wild Cat Falling by Colin Johnson, Pleasantville (1998)

Who am I? The question sounds cliche, but lets be serious. Dont you opine there is something inside you that you cant describe, but seems to say, This isnt who I am, or who I planned to be. The texts I have read strain the picture that enculturation creates a mask, a false identity concealing the self and who we are to be. However, it is widely believed that identity is a product of socialization- that the self changes by means of our individual experiences. The persona of WCF is a victim of these processes.CJs use of shifting temporal frames wholeows us to review the personas past whilst retaining the present, demonstrating the impact of his puerility experiences on his identity. Jesse Duggan was an influential figure in protagonists formative years her fear of the western culture lead her to condition her son into gabardine society they belong to the white side of the fence. Youve got to prove you do and wear downt you forget it. She isolates him from his traditional culture and instils in him the stigmas of the lesser breed.The personas frequent self derogatory remarks about being a mongrel and born under the curse of Ham indicate how societys handling of Noongars has affected him. Socialization has isolated the protagonist, denying him his cultural identity and stifling his hopes. Throughout, the persona also remains anonymous, insinuating that his identity is amorphous. Yet we clearly see his mask I took a long look at him and sneered back in my best Hollywood crim voice. His tone is satirical, as if he knows, his crim act is not a square reflection of his identity.And in spite of this mask, his core identity can also be seen I stood on the bed, face pressed to the bars, gulping the salt-sea skag until I became part of its crashing surf and soundless depths. His mask hides his true nature, nonetheless it is revealed through his poetic sensibility. Eliots 1911 poem Prufrock is a dramatic monologue of a middle-class English-man. For him, socializat ion demands his conformity to social norms, making him feel imprisoned by its mediocrity for I have known them all already, known them all have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons.The repetition of known them all portrays life as routine without purpose. my morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin my necktie rich and modest the detail of his dress elaborately conceals his identity and his true feelings about society. Ironically, the repetition of my implies an illumination of identity, rather than its suppression. It seems the Prufrock is afraid reveal his identity may move the universe do I dare, and, do I dare? Avoiding this ultimate question, he seeks peace in oblivion I should have been a agree of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of silent seas. We are gregarious creatures, and Prufrocks desire for isolation is untenable to us. Socialization has trapped him in a rock and a hard place he may choose the peaceful oblivion of a void anyday, but he is too s cared to reject a mask that he despises in case it may change his world oh the irony The 1998 film Pleasantville explores the effects of stepping out of a uniform society. they just come to see something inside themselves thats different. This cranny is taken from below, establishing this as a functionful argument and putting David in a position of power over the crowd. He is persuading Pleasantville that embracing your core values defines you as unique special. He also colours George Parker, by revealing to him his intrinsic values dont you think she looks just as beautiful as the first day you met her? Now dont you wish you could tell her that? The proxemics in this shot exaggerates Davids emotions and influences his fathers reaction. A shot of David is taken from the courts POV, which allows for tension to rise before he moves to the side to reveal his drear father. The diagetic tone of shocked voices, coupled with the non-diagetic, soft music that swells at this new revelati on, is used to highlight the importance of this scene as unearthing your inner self. It seems to say this is the split second of epiphany, the moment when you discover this universe holds something wonderful and rare, just for you.In Davids own words if you just have the guts to look inside yourself, youll get word all that who am I to be crap alot easier to handle. WCFs persona began to confront that song or dream that had always been with him. Prufrock decided hed rather drown than face the vast emptiness of his identity. But by giving Pleasantville the choice of change, it instituted profound normative values in people love, passion, knowledge, peace, expression. both the colours of the rainbow.Though the belief that socialization morphs a person into who they are is predominant in society, it is hard to say that this is truly the case. These texts seem to emphasise the belief that socialization creates masks to conceal our core identities. Of course, socialization can shape u s. Would a beggar have the same choices as a rich man? From my perspective, socialization may have us prepare that face to meet the faces that you meet but it may never alter our core identity, which is inevitably revealed when we confront our true emotions.

Online Classes

This online class has back uped me in some ways as In matching new techniques of how to explain In much than detail of what I am trying to write about. I agree struggled with this online class too and think I would ca-ca benefited more going to material class. I believe I struggled with acquirement many of things because I learn better when I am one on one with a teacher. The seam paper was fairly simple, but hard to explain many dilate. I believe I learned many of things and struggled with many of things from online classes, but overall I believe I did k with most of the papers.I learned many of techniques of explaining In detail of what I was writing about. However, I have always struggled with explaining In well detail with many of things in my behavior. Its something I will continue to work on so I nates sprain a better writer. I use to love to write when I was younger and I have high hopes I will love it once more. I tried to use grammar in a more proficient way th is time around. I believe I dependable lost touch with writing and I am retributive playing catch up togged that good technique back. I believe I need to keep working on better details of what I am trying to write about.I ill have It all In my head and when I go to caseful It I usually dont arrive It to come out the correct way. I wish I could have been able to actually go to classes in the college instead of online classes, but it doesnt suit my life at this time. I believe I would have strives in a classroom and wrote many of wonderful things. In my house there are Just to many distractions and it makes it difficult to type a good paper. I try to teach my daughter how Important quiet time Is when you have to read or write. She comes to me and says all the time she understands how hard It Is to think and have a clear mind with castrations.In a classroom setting there seem to be less distractions than at a home setting. One on one attention from a teacher would have been great to learn even more things to help me to become a better writer. The Argumentation paper was somewhat difficult to me to get the words out on paper as I wanted them. I found it difficult to explain in details once again. It was withal somewhat difficult to argue what youre talking about. I want to learn how to write a good Argumentation paper with good details. The grammar and punctuation dont get me as bad as the explaining in details in my Essays.Once again I believe most of that comes from distractions at home. If I would have had more time I probably would have found somewhere quiet to type my papers. When there are many of things going on in your life it is a great distraction in ones work and accomplishments. I really enjoyed encyclopedism new things In this online class. I had many of ups and downs throughout class, but overall I feel I had more positive outcomes. I learned how to become a better writer. I learned how to type a better Argumentation Paper and get the points across better. Pop one day I can set aside distractions and find a calm place to read and write.I really enjoyed the ups and downs throughout class because it taught me many of deferent techniques and how to become a better writer. This online class has helped me in some ways as in learning new techniques of how to explain in more detail of what I am trying to write about. I have struggled I learned many of techniques of explaining in detail of what I was writing about. However, I have always struggled with explaining in good detail with many of things ouch with writing and I am Just playing catch up to get that good technique back.I will have it all in my head and when I go to type it I usually dont get it to come out how important quiet time is when you have to read or write. She comes to me and says all the time she understands how hard it is to think and have a clear mind with I really enjoyed learning new things in this online class. I had many of ups and and get the points acr oss better. I hope one day I can set aside distractions and find because it taught me many of antithetical techniques and how to become a betterOnline classesOnline classes are important for Contemporary American Culture because it more convenient for a variety of school-age childs who are pre-occupled with other aspects of their lives, also because you can receive a broader perspective from teachers all over the world. Youll benefit from a flexible schedule, which Is helpful for people balancing education with work and family life. sometimes classes arent available at a time convenient for studentsdue to their other responsibilities.Allows to receive better grades because you learn at your own pace. Classes are more cost effective. You can receive a wider range of perspectives because now you are able to receive education from teachers worldwide. As noted in an article from Franklin University Instructors have noted an annex in a more diversified student population In their clas ses. Teacher can be anywhere atb anytime which would allow them to share different experiences with their students.As more technology has become available in man), parts of the globe, a new type of student population has emerged. The traditional student image of higher learning has been somewhat limited in many countries, but given the impact of the Internet, his traditional student body has changed. Rather than being limited to regional demographics, the student body for educational institutions offering online courses has changed drastically.In fact, these online courses have vexed yet another chapter in the history of education, known as virtual learning communities. While online instructors may start out teaching students from local areas, this particular opportunity has been changing over the past decade. In fact, many online instructors have noted an increase in a more diversified student population in their classes.Further, they have realized the need to update their teachi ng skills, practices and strategies in order to accommodate the changing of necessity of the learners in the classroom, as well as updating their own teaching portfolio. This paper will provide a brief overview of current recruitment and hiring methods use in the traditional hiring versus online hiring of educators. Also, this paper will address the growing concerns of current traditional teachers as they approach the decision to transition over to online learning and how to support proper online instruction. Finally, this

Henrik Ibsen- A Doll’s House

Henrik Ibsen was one of the most popular poet and capertist in his time. He is considered as the father of modern realistic drama because he is responsible for the transition of the Romantic style going to modern realistic style of writing a gather. The Norwegian playwright was born on Skien from Knud Ibsen and Marichen Altenburg, a relatively well-to-do merchant family. The family of Ibsen was one of oldest and distinguished family in their country. But the fortune of his family was taken away when he is going to its adulthood.Her mother rancid to religion for support while his father financial situation was ruined because his fathers friend broke all connections with him and forced to bankruptcy in 1836 (Bellinger). Ibsen was motivated to go into playwriting by his mother. His mother was an enthusiastic painter and she loves theater. But because of situation of their family which was made them in to poverty, Ibsen at the age of 15 decided to go to Grimstad to be a pharmacist (Be llinger).In 1850, Ibsen goes to Christiania which is now called Oslo where he earned his journalistic writings in Heltberg. In this year also when his freshman written work was made and these were Catiline, a tragedy, which reflected the atmosphere of the revolutionary year of 1848, and The Burial Mound, written under the pseudonym of Brynjolf Bjarme. In 1858, returned to Christiania to apply his study in writing plays at Christianias National Theater and the same year when he married Suzannah Thoresen.All of the plays that were written by Ibsen were based on poverty and family problems. This was because on his past experience on his family. One of the plays that were written by Ibsen was the A Dolls House. The said play, after being produce received many criticisms near the traditional Victorian marriage. A Dolls House-Critical Essay A Dolls House was the first play that was written by Ibsen that has sensational effect on the audiences because it tackles on the norms of Victori an marriage.It is the most popular works that was written by Ibsen. The center of the story is about on Nora Helmer, who is the mother of the three children and the wife of Torvald Helemer who is a banker. The story is about on the marriage of the two characters that was ruined because the wife did not do her subprogram as the mother and that she made an action that broke a law. The main points of Isben in his play were the family structure on his time and the way society thinks on the role of the father and the mother.The society in his time, after reading the play was patriarchal. It is very obvious because the play gives more importance on the male quite a than equal opportunities. Ibsen designed the play in such a way that the audience can see the inequality of men and women as well the suspension of the norms in a marriage between husband and wife. The first secession of Nora in the society was when she committed a crime just to save the tone of her wife.He was forced to fo rge the signature of his father so that he can borrow money that will be used for her husbands treatment. The incidence showed that women can also make decision on their family and not the husband only. This is one of the norms in a Victorian marriage, were work, politics and decision are remaining from men while the household chores are women. The second secession of Nora in the society was when she decided to divorce her husband. In that time, divorce in never allowed by the society because it breaks the relationship of husband and wife.From the two secessions, it can be seen that the society dictates the relationship of a husband and wife and favors men. Nora secessions are very deliberate and ideal out. She knows what society expects of her and continues to do what she feels is right despite them. Her secessions are used by Ibsen to show faults of society. Reference Bellinger, Martha Fletcher. A Short History of the Drama. (1927). November 14, 2007 .

The Financial System of Bangladesh

Overview of fiscal dodging of Bangladesh The financial system of Bangladesh is comprised of three broad fragmented arenas 1. Formal empyrean, 2. Semi-Formal Sector, 3. Informal Sector. The sectors birth been reason in accordance with their degree of regulation. The formal sector includes every(prenominal)(pre noneinal) regulated institutions like slangs, Non- lingo Financial Institutions (FIs), redress Companies, Capital Market Intermediaries like Brokerage supports, Merchant deposes and so forth little Finance Institutions (MFIs).The semi formal sector includes those institutions which be regulated otherwise but do not fall low the jurisdiction of profound bank building, Insurance Authority, Securities and Exchange Commission or any other enacted financial regulator. This sector is primarily represented by Specialized Financial Institutions like House Building Finance Corporation (HBFC), Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Samabay lingo, Grameen jargon etc. , N on Governmental Organizations (NGOs and discrete judicature programs. About financial MarketThe financial mart in Bangladesh is mainly of pastime types 1. Money Market The primary bills market is comprised of banks, FIs and primary dealers as intermediaries and savings & lending instruments, treasury bills as instruments. There atomic number 18 all of a suddenly 15 primary dealers (12 banks and 3 FIs) in Bangladesh. The only active secondary market is overnight call money market which is participated by the scheduled banks and FIs. The money market in Bangladesh is regulated by Bangladesh Bank (BB), the exchange Bank of Bangladesh. . Capital market The primary segment of capital market is ope pass judgmentd through mystical and public offering of equity and bond instruments. The secondary segment of capital market is institutionalized by cardinal (02) stock give-and-takes-Dhaka furrow Exchange and Chittagong carnation Exchange. The instruments in these exchanges atomic n umber 18 equity securities (sh bes), debentures, corpo consider bonds and treasury bonds. The capital market in Bangladesh is governed by Securities and Commission ( dry). 3.Foreign Exchange Market Towards liberalization of overseas exchange transactions, a number of measures were adopted since 1990s. Bangladeshi currency, the taka, was decl bed convertible on current account transactions (as on 24 March 1994), in basis of Article VIII of IMF Article of Agreement (1994). As Taka is not convertible in capital account, resident owned capital is not freely on the table abroad. Repatriation of profits or disinvestment proceeds on non-resident FDI and portfolio investment inflows be permitted freely.Direct investments of non-residents in the industrial sector and portfolio investments of non-residents through stock exchanges are repatriable abroad, as also are capital gains and profits/dividends thereon. Investment abroad of resident-owned capital is subject to prior Bangladesh Ban k approval, which is allowed only sparingly. Bangladesh adopted Floating Exchange Rate regime since 31 May 2003. Under the regime, BB does not interfere in the determination of exchange pace, but operates the monetary policy prudently for minimizing extreme swings in exchange rate to avoid adverse repercussion on the domestic economy.The exchange rate is being determined in the market on the basis of market solicit and supply forces of the respective currencies. In the forex market banks are free to buy and sale foreign currency in the spot and also in the foregoing markets. However, to avoid any unusual volatility in the exchange rate, Bangladesh Bank, the regulator of foreign exchange market remains vigilant over the developments in the foreign exchange market and intervenes by buying and selling foreign currencies whenever it deems obligatory to maintain perceptual constancy in the foreign exchange market.Regulators of the Financial System Central Bank Bangladesh Bank acts a s the Central Bank of Bangladesh which was naturalised on December 16, 1972 through the enactment of Bangladesh Bank tramp 1972- Presidents Order No. 127 of 1972 (Amended in 2003). The general superintendence and direction of the affairs and telephone circuit of BB have been entrusted to a 9 members Board of Directors which is headed by the Governor who is the Chief executive Officer of this institution as well. BB has 40 departments and 9 branch offices.In Strategic Plan (2010-2014), the vision of BB has been stated as, To develop continually as a forward looking central bank with competent and committed professionals of high ethical standards, conducting monetary management and financial sector supervision to maintain price stability and financial system robustness, supporting rapid broad based inclusive stinting suppuration, employment generation and poverty eradication in Bangladesh. The main functions of BB are (Section 7A of BB Order, 1972) 1. to formulate and implement m onetary policy 2. o formulate and implement intervention policies in the foreign exchange market 3. to give advice to the Government on the interaction of monetary policy with fiscal and exchange rate policy, on the impact of various policy measures on the economy and to propose legislative measures it considers necessary or appropriate to produce its objectives and perform its functions 4. to hold and manage the official foreign reserves of Bangladesh 5. to promote, regulate and determine a secure and cost-efficient requital system, including the issue of bank notes 6. o regulate and supervise banking companies and financial institutions. Core Policies of Central Bank Monetary policy The main objectives of monetary policy of Bangladesh Bank are Price stability both(prenominal) internal & external Sustainable growth & development High employment Economic and efficient use of resources perceptual constancy of financial & payment system Bangladesh Bank declares the monetary pol icy by issuing Monetary Policy Statement (MPS) twice (January and July) in a year.The tools and instruments for carrying out of monetary policy in Bangladesh are Bank Rate, Open Market Operations (OMO), Repurchase agreements (Repo) & Reverse Repo, Statutory Reserve Requirements (SLR & CRR). Reserve precaution schema Bangladesh Bank maintains the foreign exchange reserve of the country in different currencies to minimize the run a risk emerging from widespread fluctuation in exchange rate of major currencies and very irregular movement in interest rates in the spherical money market.BB has established Nostro account arrangements with different Central Banks. funds accumulated in these accounts are invested in Treasury bills, repos and other government write ups in the respective currencies. It also makes investment in the form of short term bonds with different high rated and reputed commercial banks and purchase of high rated sovereign/supranational/corporate bonds. A separa te department of BB performs the operational functions regarding investment which is manoeuvre by investment policy set by the BBs Investment Committee headed by a Deputy Governor.The infralying principle of the investment policy is to ensure the optimum return on investment with minimum market risk. Interest Rate Policy Under the Financial sector reform program, a conciliative interest policy was formulated. According to that, banks are free to charge/fix their down payment (Bank /Financial Institutes) and Lending (Bank /Financial Institutes) rates other than Export Credit. At present, except Pre-shipment export credit and agricultural lending, there is no interest rate cap on lending for banks.Yet, banks can differentiate interest rate up to 3% considering comparative risk elements involved among borrowers in same lending category. With progressive deregulation of interest rates, banks have been advised to announce the mid-rate of the watch (if any) for different sectors and t he banks may change interest 1. 5% more or less than the announced mid-rate on the basis of the comparative credit risk. Banks upload their deposit and lending interest rate in their respective website. Capital Adequacy for Banks and FIsWith a view to strengthening the capital base of banks & FIs, Basel-II Accord has been introduced in both of these sectors. For banks, full implementation of Basel-II was started in January 01, 2010 (Guidelines on Risk Based Capital Adequacy for banks). Now, scheduled banks in Bangladesh are required to maintain Tk. 4 one thousand million or 10% of Total Risk Weighted Assets as capital, whichever is higher. For FIs, full implementation of Basel-II has been started in January 01, 2012 (Prudential Guidelines on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline (CAMD) for Financial Institutions).Now, FIs in Bangladesh are required to maintain Tk. 1 billion or 10% of Total Risk Weighted Assets as capital, whichever is higher. situate Insurance The deposit insuran ce organisation (DIS) was introduced in Bangladesh in August 1984 to act as a safety net for the depositors. All the scheduled banks Bangladesh are the member of this scheme Bank Deposit Insurance Act 2000. The purpose of DIS is to help to increase market discipline, reduce moral hazard in the financial sector and try safety nets at the minimum cost to the public in the event of bank failure.A Deposit Insurance Trust Fund (DITF) has also been pull ind for providing limited security department (not exceeding Taka 0. 01 million) to a small depositor in case of winding up of any bank. The Board of Directors of BB is the Trustee Board for the DITF. BB has adopted a system of risk based deposit insurance premium rates applicable for all scheduled banks effective from January June 2007. According to new instruction regarding premium rates, problem banks are required to pay 0. 09 portion and private banks other than the problem banks and state owned commercial banks are required to p ay 0. 7 percent where the percent coverage of the deposits is taka one hundred thousand per depositor per bank. With this end in view, BB has already advised the banks for bringing DIS into the notice of the public through demonstrateing the same in their display board. Insurance Authority Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority (IDRA) was instituted on January 26, 2011 as the regulator of insurance diligence being empower by Insurance Development and Regulatory Act, 2010 by replacing its predecessor, Chief Controller of Insurance.This institution is operated infra Ministry of Finance and a 4 member executive body headed by Chairman is responsible for its general supervision and direction of line of credit. IDRA has been established to make the insurance industry as the premier financial advantage impartr in the country by structuring on an efficient corporate environment, by securing embryonic aspiration of society and by penetrating deep into all segments for high ec onomic growth.The mission of IDRA is to protect the interest of the policy holders and other stakeholders under insurance policy, supervise and regulate the insurance industry effectively, ensure orderly and systematic growth of the insurance industry and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Regulator of Capital Market Intermediaries Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) performs the functions to regulate the capital market intermediaries and publication of capital and financial instruments by public limited companies.It was established on June 8, 1993 under the Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993. A 5 member commission headed by a Chairman has the overall responsibility to administer securities legislation and the Commission is attached to the Ministry of Finance. The mission of SEC is to protect the interests of securities investors, to develop and maintain fair, transparent and efficient securities markets and to ensure proper issuance of securities and compliance with securities laws. The main functions of SEC are Regulating the business of the Stock Exchanges or any other securities market. Registering and regulating the business of stock-brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents, merchant bankers and managers of issues, trustee of trust deeds, registrar of an issue, underwriters, portfolio managers, investment advisers and other intermediaries in the securities market. Registering, supervise and regulating of collective investment scheme including all forms of rough-cut funds. Monitoring and regulating all authorized self restrictive organizations in the securities market. Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices in any securities market. Promoting investors education and providing culture for intermediaries of the securities market. Prohibiting insider trading in securities. Regulating the substantial acquisition of shares and take-over of companies. Undertaking investigation and inspection, inquiries and au dit of any issuer or dealer of securities, the Stock Exchanges and intermediaries and any self regulatory organization in the securities market. Conducting research and publishing information. Regulator of Micro Finance InstitutionsTo bring Non-government Microfinance Institutions (NGO-MFIs) under a regulatory framework, the Government of Bangladesh enacted Microcredit Regulatory Authority Act, 2006 (Act no. 32 of 2006) which came into effect from August 27, 2006. Under this Act, the Government established Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA) with a view to ensuring transparentness and accountability of microcredit activities of the NGO-MFIs in the country. The Authority is empowered and responsible to implement the said act and to bring the microcredit sector of the country under a full-fledged regulatory framework.MRAs mission is to ensure transparency and accountability of microfinance operations of NGO-MFIs as well as foster sustainable growth of this sector. In order to achi eve its mission, MRA has set itself the task to attain the following goals To formulate as well as implement the policies to ensure good governance and transparent financial systems of MFIs. To conduct in-depth research on critical microfinance issues and provide policy inputs to the government consistent with the national strategy for poverty eradication. To provide training of NGO-MFIs and linking them with the broader financial market to facilitate sustainable resources and efficient management. To assist the government to build up an inclusive financial market for economic development of the country. To identify the priorities in the microfinance sector for policy guidance and dissemination of information to attain the MRAs social responsibility. According to the Act, the MRA will be responsible for the three primary functions that will need to be carried out, namely Licensing of MFIs with explicit legal powers supervision of MFIs to ensure that they continue to comply with the licensing requirements and Enforcement of sanctions in the event of any MFI failing to catch the licensing and ongoing supervisory requirements. Banks After the freedom, banking industry in Bangladesh started its journey with 6 Nationalized commercialized banks, 2 State owned Specialized banks and 3 Foreign Banks. In the 1980s banking industry achieved significant expansion with the entrance of private banks.Now, banks in Bangladesh are primarily of two types plan Banks The banks which get license to operate under Bank Company Act, 1991 (Amended in 2003) are termed as Scheduled Banks. Non-Scheduled Banks The banks which are established for special and definite objective and operate under the acts that are enacted for meeting up those objectives, are termed as Non-Scheduled Banks. These banks cannot perform all functions of scheduled banks. There are 47 scheduled banks in Bangladesh who operate under full control and supervision f Bangladesh Bank which is empowered to do so throug h Bangladesh Bank Order, 1972 and Bank Company Act, 1991. Scheduled Banks are classified into following types State Owned Commercial Banks (SOCBs) There are 4 SOCBs which are fully or majorly owned by the Government of Bangladesh. Nationalized Commercial Bank of Bangladesh Sonali Bank Agrani Bank Rupali Bank Janata Bank Specialized Banks (SDBs) 9 specialized banks are now run which were established for specific objectives like agricultural or industrial development. These banks are also fully or majorly owned by the Government of Bangladesh. . Karmasangsthan Bank 2. Bangladesh Krishi Bank 3. Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank 4. Progoti Co-operative Landmortgage Bank express (Progoti BanK) 5. Grameen Bank 6. Bangladesh Development Bank Ltd 7. Bangladesh Somobay Bank special(Cooperative Bank) 8. Ansar VDP Unnyan Bank 9. BASIC Bank Limited (Bangladesh Small Industries and trade Bank Limited Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) There are 37 private commercial banks which are majorly owned b y the private entities. PCBs can be categorized into two groups 1. United Commercial Bank Limited 2. Mutual Trust Bank Limited 3. BRAC Bank Limited . Eastern Bank Limited 5. Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited 6. Dhaka Bank Limited 7. Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd 8. Uttara Bank Limited 9. Pubali Bank Limited 10. IFIC Bank Limited 11. National Bank Limited 12. The City Bank Limited 13. NCC Bank Limited 14. Mercantile Bank Limited 15. Prime Bank Limited 16. Southeast Bank Limited 17. Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited 18. sociable Islami Bank Limited 19. measuring stick Bank Limited 20. One Bank Limited 21. Exim Bank Limited 22. Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited 23. First pledge Islami Bank Limited 24. The Premier Bank Limited 25. Bank Asia Limited 26.Trust Bank Limited 27. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited 28. Jamuna Bank Limited 29. ICB Islamic Bank 30. AB Bank 31. Social Investment Bank Ltd 32. Union Bank 33. Modhumati Bank 34. The Farmers Bank 35. Midland Bank 36. Meghna Bank 37. South Bangla Agricul ture and Commerce Bank Conventional PCBs 23 conventional PCBs are now operating in the industry. They perform the banking functions in conventional fashion interest based operations. Islami sharia law based PCBs There are 7 Islami Shariah based PCBs in Bangladesh and they execute banking activities according to Islami Shariah based principles i. . Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS) mode. . Foreign Commercial Banks (FCBs) 10 FCBs are operating in Bangladesh as the branches of the banks which are incorporated in abroad. 10 foreign commercial banks are operating in Bangladesh. These are 1. Citibank 2. HSBC 3. Standard Chartered Bank 4. Commercial Bank of Ceylon 5. State Bank of India 6. Habib Bank Limited 7. National Bank of Pakistan 8. Woori Bank 9. Bank Alfalah 10. ICICI Bank There are now 4 non-scheduled banks in Bangladesh which are Ansar VDP Unnayan Bank, Karmashangosthan Bank, Probashi Kollyan Bank, Jubilee Bank FIsNon Bank Financial Institutions (FIs) are those types of financial instit utions which are regulated under Financial Institution Act, 1993 and controlled by Bangladesh Bank. Now, 31 FIs are operating in Bangladesh while the maiden one was established in 1981. Out of the impart, 2 is fully government owned, 1 is the subsidiary of a SOCB, 13 were initiated by private domestic initiative and 15 were initiated by joint venture initiative. Major sources of funds of FIs are Term Deposit (at least six months tenure), Credit Facility from Banks and other FIs, Call Money as well as Bond and Securitization.The major difference between banks and FIs are as follows FIs cannot issue cheques, pay-orders or demand drafts. FIs cannot receive demand deposits, FIs cannot be involved in foreign exchange financing, FIs can conduct their business operations with diversified financing modes like syndicated financing, bridge financing, lease financing, securitization instruments, private placement of equity etc. Capital market After the independence, establishment of Dhaka St ock Exchange (formerly East Pakistan Stock Exchange) initiated the pathway of capital market intermediaries in Bangladesh.In 1976, formation of Investment Corporation of Bangladesh opened the door of professional portfolio management in institutional form. In last two decades, capital market witnessed number of institutional and regulatory advancements which has resulted diversified capital market intermediaries. At present, capital market intermediaries are of following types 1. Stock Exchanges Apart from Dhaka Stock Exchange, there is another stock exchange in Bangladesh that is Chittagong Stock Exchange established in 1995. 2.Central monument The only depository system for the transaction and settlement of financial securities, Central Depository Bangladesh Ltd (CDBL) was formed in 2000 which conducts its operations under Depositories Act 1999, Depositories Regulations 2000, Depository (User) Regulations 2003, and the CDBL by-laws. 3. Stock Dealer/Sock Broker Under SEC (Stock De aler, Stock Broker & Authorized Representative) Rules 2000, these entities are licensed and they are bound to be a member of any of the two stock exchanges. At present, DSE and CSE have 238 and 136 members respectively. . Merchant Banker & Portfolio Manager These institutions are licensed to operate under SEC (Merchant Banker & Portfolio Manager Rules) 1996 and 45 institutions have been licensed by SEC under this rules so far. 5. Asset Management Companies (AMCs) AMCs are authorized to act as issue and portfolio manager of the mutual funds which are issued under SEC (Mutual Fund) Rules 2001. There are 15 AMCs in Bangladesh at present. 6. Credit Rating Companies (CRCs) CRCs in Bangladesh are licensed under Credit Rating Companies Rules, 1996 and now, 5 CRCs have been licence by SEC. 7.Trustees/Custodians According to rules, all asset backed securitizations and mutual funds must have an accredited trusty and security custodian. For that purpose, SEC has licensed 9 institutions as Tru stees and 9 institutions as custodians. 8. Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) ICB is a specialized capital market intermediary which was established in 1976 through the ordainment of The Investment Corporation of Bangladesh Ordinance 1976. This ordinance has empowered ICB to perform all types of capital market intermediation that fall under jurisdiction of SEC. ICB has three subsidiaries 8. 1.ICB Capital Management Ltd. , 8. 2. ICB Asset Management Company Ltd. , 8. 3. ICB Securities Trading Company Ltd. Insurance Insurance sector in Bangladesh emerged after independence with 2 nationalized insurance companies- 1 Life & 1 General and 1 foreign insurance company. In mid 80s, private sector insurance companies started to immortalize in the industry and it got expanded. Now days, 62 companies are operating under Insurance Act 2010. Out of them- 18 are Life Insurance Companies including 1 foreign company and 1 is state-owned company, 44 General Insurance Companies including 1 state-owned company.Insurance companies in Bangladesh provide following services 1. Life insurance, 2. General Insurance, 3. Reinsurance, 4. Micro-insurance, 5. Takaful or Islami insurance. Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) The member-based Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) constitute a rapidly growing segment of the Rural Financial Market (RFM) in Bangladesh. Microcredit programs (MCP) in Bangladesh are implemented by various formal financial institutions (nationalized commercial banks and specialized banks), specialized government organizations and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs).The growth in the MFI sector, in terms of the number of MFI as well as total membership, was phenomenal during the 1990s and continues till today. Despite the fact that more than a thousand of institutions are operating microcredit programs, but only 10 large Microcredit Institutions (MFIs) and Grameen Bank represent 87% of total savings of the sector and 81% of total outstanding loan of the sector. Th rough the financial services of microcredit, the poor people are engaging themselves in various income generating activities and around 30 million poor people are directly benefited from microcredit programs.Credit services of this sector can be categorized into six broad groups i) general microcredit for small-scale self employment based activities, ii) microenterprise loans, iii) loans for ultra poor, iv) agricultural loans, v) seasonal loans, and vi) loans for disaster management. Currently, 599 institutions (as of October 10 2011) have been licensed by MRA to operate Micro Credit Programs. But, Grameen Bank is out of the jurisdiction of MRA as it is operated under a distinct legislation- Grameen Bank Ordinance, 1983. Recent Developments in Financial Sector of BangladeshAutomation and Technological Development Banking sector experienced remarkable progress in respect of automation in functioning in last several(prenominal)(prenominal) years. For the pro-active and forward-visi oning nestle of Bangladesh Bank, numbers of automation initiatives have been implemented in banking sector. These initiatives include To create a disciplined environment for borrowing, the automated Credit Information Bureau (CIB) service provides credit related information for prospective and existing borrowers. With this improved and efficient system, risk management will be more effective.Banks and financial institutions may try credit information to CIB database 24 by 7 around the year and they can access credit reports from CIB online instantly. L/C Monitoring System has been introduced for economy and using the all necessary information regarding L/C by the banks through BB website. This system allows the authorized users of banks to upload and download their L/C information. In terms of article 36(3) of Bangladesh Bank Order, 1972, all scheduled banks are subject to submit Weekly Statement of Position as at the close of business on every Thursday to the Department of Off- site Supervision.This statement now is submitted through on-line using the web upload service of BB website within o3 (three) working days after the reporting date which is much more time and labor efficient that the earlier manual system. The e-Returns service has been introduced which is An Online Portal Service for Scheduled Banks to submit Electronic Returns using predefined template for the purpose of Macro Economy Analysis through related BB Departments. Online Export Monitoring System is used for monitoring export of Bangladesh. Through this service, Banks and AD Branches of Banks issue & reports export report. Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (BACH) started to work by replacing the ancient manual clearing system which allows the inter-bank cheques and similar type instruments to be to settled in instant manner. Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) has been introduced which facilitates the banks to make bulk payments instantly and using least paper and manpower. The initiation of Mobile Banking has been one of the or so noteworthy advancement in banking. Through this system, franchises of banks through mobile operators can provide banking service to even the remotest deferral of the country. Almost every commercial bank is now using their own core banking solution which has made banking very faster and efficient. Usage of plastic money has much more increased in daily life transactions. Full or partial online banking is now being practiced by almost every bank. Inauguration of internet trading in both of the bourses (DSE & CSE) in the country is the most significant advancement for capital market in last several years. Micro Finance Institutions submit their reports to the regulator through the Online Report Submission Tools for MFIs. Institutional DevelopmentThrough the Central Bank Strengthening Project, there have been a good number of achievements regarding the institutional development in BB which can be observed below The implementation of Enterpr ise Resource Planning (ERP) has been a big step in automation of operational structure of BB. The establishment of Enterprise Data Warehouse (under process) will bring the whole banking and FI industry under a single network through which data sharing, reporting and supervision will enter in a new horizon. Bangladesh Bank now possesses the most informative and resourceful website of the country regarding economic and financial information. Internal networking system with required online communication facilities have been developed and in operation for the officers of BB. BB has hosted number of internationalistic seminars on different economic and financial issues over last several years. MRA was established in 2006 for bringing NGO-MFIs under supervision. For the pro active role of MRA, this sector (MFI) is now in a good shape regarding the accountability and regulation. For abolishing anomaly and fetching discipline in insurance industry, IDRA was established in 2011.In one year, IDRA has interpreted number of appreciable steps to regularize this industry. After the massive crash of local bourses in 2010-2011, the executive body of SEC was redesigned in full and some good results have come after that. Regulatory Development Banking and FI industries have experienced diversified regulatory development over last few years Full implementation of Basel-II (International capital adequacy standard) accord has been in effect in both banking and FI industry. Guidelines on Environmental and Climate Change Risk Management for banks and FIs have been circulated.Policy guidelines on Green Banking also have been issued. Guidelines on Stress Testing for banks and FIs have been issued which is aimed to assess the resilience of banks and FIs under different adverse situations. do of Policy initiatives for Financial Inclusion has been undertaken. Banks have been asked to build up separate Risk Management Unit for comprehensive and intensive risk management. Banks have been instructed to create separate subsidiary for capital market operations and capital market operations of banks are now minutely monitored. Supervision has been intensified to increase the society of banks in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). For the efficient and timely action of BB, foreign exchange reserve of Bangladesh did not face any adversity during global financial turmoil of 2007-09. To meet international standard on Anti Money Laundering (AML)/Combating Financing of Terrorism (CFT) issues, guidelines for Money Changers, Insurance Companies and Postal remittal have already been circulated. SEC has updated Public Issue Rules, 2006 and Mutual Fund Rules, 2001.Apart from that, numbers of AMCs, merchant banks and are Mutual Funds are permitted by SEC which has increased the participation of institutional investors. The trend of capital market research has been upward which indicates the potential of analytical investment decision. Insurance Act 2010 was formulated to meet demand of concurrent time for shifting the insurance industry in a better shape. Apart from that, several initiatives have been undertaken by IDRA for prohibiting the malpractices in the industry regarding insurance commission, agent, premium etc and corporate governance issues.Banks As on June 2011 Deposits AdvancesTotal Capital*No. of Branches 4115855. 50 gazillion3212848. 70 Million461697. 00 Million7772 FIs As on December 2010 Deposits Loans and leasesAssetsShare Capital & ReserveNo. of Branches 94374. 80 Million321284. 87 Million251527. 34 Million44689. 29 Million115 Insurance As on December 2009 AssetShare CapitalReserve Life Insurance118020. 15 Million1245. 54 Million106098. 88 Million Non-Life Insurance42622. 90 Million6653. 83 Million12133. 30 Million Capital MarketMarket Capitalization of Dhaka Stock Exchange As on September 2011 All Listed Securities2,782,901Million All Listed Companies Shares2,202,274 Million All Listed Mutual Funds35,733 Million All Debentures576 Mill ion All Listed Govt. T-Bonds537,381 Million All Listed Corporate Bonds6,937 Million MFIs As on June 2009 Total Outstanding Number of ClientsNumber of BorrowersNo. of Branches 1,21,881. 85 Million24. 77 Million19. 50Million 18,022 * summation of Tier-I, Tier-II and Tier-II Capital ComponentsRelated article Padma Bridge

Juvenile Delinquency Essay

There are numerous theories to why a some whizz(a) becomes who they are and how they got in that location, what makes it difficult to understand is which correct theory to follow and believe. Listed are a brief analysis of a a couple of(prenominal) theories and twain case studies of two troubled youths that will help to open a window to witness what is happening to societys youth and how they contribute to adulthood. Although, several theories are close to regarding juvenile delinquency, tapering them down to one solution is nearly impracticable.Knowing that a theory is simply an educated guess, one can see there is not one single cause for delinquency in society today . However, there are several theories that should be considered and explored. We should make a more(prenominal) in-depth look at figures and determine where crime actually begins. The following are two separate crimes and for m each, the correct theories surrounding them. I will explore theories such as the Rob ert Agnus General Strain Theory which suggest that anger, frustration and adverse emotions are linked to negative and destructive relationships.I will as well explore Sigmund Freuds psychodynamic theory which suggests delinquent deportment is a product of abnormal mortalality structure formed early in life which consciously controls her choices. Juvenile Delinquency I will begin with Lakeisha McCoy a 16 year old girl living in Malvern Arkansas, a rural domain of a function in county seat of Hot Springs with the population of 9,021 (Wikipedia 2000) Lakeisha is from a single parent home with her set about and terzetto other your female siblings surviving on the income $ 375 a week and no father figure in the home.Lakeishas generate works 40-50 hours per week at the Waffle House and has no daycare for the jr. children . Therefore Lakeisha is unsupervised for better part of (6) hours after school due to her mothers schedule. Lakieshas mother has an extensive criminal record come -at-able mental illness, and was a troubled youth. She chooses boyfriends are less than desirable citizens most have little job security as well as medicine and alcohol tendencies. Lakiesha was recently arrested for shoplifting at the local dollar store after stealing two pairs of shoes and three shirts.Next subject is Martin, a 14 year old male who bouncys in Dallas Texas, a large metropolitan city with the population of 1,299,543 (Wikipedia 2008) Martin is from a two parent household with one younger sister living on the annual income of $100,000. 00 a year. Martins parents are both employed, however, they work opposite shifts to ensure at least one parent is available for supervision at all times. Both parents keep the children at home after school and they are not involved with any after school or extra family functions.Martin was arrested for breaking and entering into a neighbors home during the day when his mother was a doctors appointment with his younger sister. What woul d society believe to be the reasoning behind both Lakeisha and Martins crimes? Some would say There just troubled kids or by chance would say Its because neither had supervision. However, re inquisition and theorists view it in a completely different way. Lets look at Sigmund Freuds psychodynamic theory which suggests delinquent behavior is a bi product of abnormal personality structure formed early during the beginning stages of life.This theory would then apologize her choices in relationships and how she feels about herself . Example mental torment can lead children into violence and aggression . An neglected child attention from peers will introduce them to a family structure or gang. This theory indicates that children act on unconscious needs and desires. With id, egos ,and super ego functioning together a child can live a normal in the aspects of personality if one becomes dominate then abnormal personality traits can be viewed in a God standardized complex. (Siegel et al. 2003).Arousal theorists believe that obtaining thrills is a motivation of committing crimes. They believe children commit crimes like shoplifting for the thrill of possibly getting away with it . They also believe this right away linked environmental and genetic reasons and this group responds to a different brain stimuli. This might indicate that some children need more stimuli to feel comfortable which link higher degrees of excitement . The theories do not stop with just a chemical thrill seeking side of these children there are a few other facts to consider. (Siegel et al., 2003).Robert Agnus General Strain Theory explores the notion that anger, frustration and adverse emotions are directly linked to negative and destructive relationships. Example, Lakeishas mother is one with abusive tendencies, she is ridiculed and called names which affects her behaviors both inside and outside the home by harboring a since of fear. Disappointment and anger. This eventually leads to antis ocial behavior. He indicates that the negative behavior is linked to a certain peer group which might lead the adolescent to riskier behavior such as drug use.(Siegel et al. , 2003). Also Edwin Sutherlands differential coefficient association theory suggest children exposed to and learn prosocial and antisocial attitudes and behavior meaning that the definitions of violating the law outweigh the definitions of being law abiding . Lakeishas mother has a long criminal record including , shoplifting , robbery and drug dealing. Since Lakeisha was exposed to this behavior most of her life, she begin to understand the law differently than a child whose parents were law abiding citizens.Terrence Thornberrys interactional theory suggests most onset of criminal activity is linked to the weakening of social bonds during adolescence marked by the deterioration of attachments of function within a society. It also believes that seriously delinquent children form a counter cultural belief system that justifies their behavior they interact with peer groups that that reinforce the same type of behavior and beliefs. This reinforces the term Birds of a feather flock together .Together they may look for excitement and take up reckless behavior and by doing so they will justify their actions by stating we have to do something for enjoyment (Siegel et al, 2002). In Lakeishas case all three theories can be tied to her behavior, individual sociological and developmental stages have all been tainted . From birth Lakeisha was statistically predisposed to commit crimes and have a delinquent youth. Today, there are 100,000 children incarcerated throughout the United States and the number in continuing to rise. Studies show that in 19999 there were nearly (2) million juvenile adjudicated in the United States courts.That is an increase of 27% since 1990. The number of drug law violations increased by 168% public order increased by 74% and offenses of a person increased by 55% (Puzzanche ra, 1999). Martins case is linked more towards the interactional theory and arousal theory than the opposite. His behaviors seem easier to turn towards the positive aspect than the latter. afterward several years of juvenile justice the general consensus should consider exploring there issues first. look in and around all the theories and perhaps children can avoid obstacles in their way. REFERENCES Foster care and juvenile delinquency (n. d. )Retrieved July 24, 2010 , from http// www,ark. edu/psyc112/fostercare/. Pussanchera, C (1999) The national juvenile court data archives. Retrived Oct 19, 2005 from Juvenile Court Statistics Web site http//www. ncjrs. org/pdffiles I /ojjdp/201141. pdfsearch=Juvenile%20statistics Siegel, L (2002) Juvenile delinquency, The Core, Belmont, CA Wadsworth Sigel. J. , Welsh, B, C, & Senna, J. J. (2003) Juvenile Delinquency Theory, practice, and law (8th Ed. ). United States Thomson Wikipedia (2002). Retrieved July 27, 2010 from the free Encyclopedia W ebsite Wikipedia (2006) Retrieved July 27, 2010 from The free Encyclopedia Website

Shape-Changers the Chronicles of the Cheysuli

Book Report Trevor Mendham While i was in the library with the class. Shape-Changers the Chronicles of the Cheysuli writ x by Jennifer Roberson had caught my interest. This book was published in 1984 while the author was funding in a castle. Jennifer Roberson has said that the eight book series had been inspired by the castle in Wales. Although this book is part of a large series, I strongly believe this book is about the choices that we make. The main character Alix has the choice to play it safe or to take a risk and truly go back the answers she seeks.I personally would enjoy continue reading this series. Although the book was truly short and left sooner a few lose ends for the next book. This book set in the land of Cheysuli within the kingdom of Homana. Alix the daughter of a man who was a religion leader whom resigned after the war on shape-changers started. by and by this he started running a under-croft, where dead body are displayed for the public viewing, taking a ma jor reduction in wage and honourable work.Alix has fallen for the prince named Carillon a childhood friend, from the fathers previous profession. shortly after they are captured while walking in the woods by the shape-changers. Alix finds that she is half blooded shape-changer and has to determine to accept who she is, and lose the love of price Carillon and be at war with his race. This story was very(prenominal) odd but was a good book. The fiction of this story is tied to reality in a very unique way, that is very effective in making the story not feel very fantasy.This feature made the book truly more enjoyable. Other writing techniques like not having either foreshadowing. The book keeps you guessing until the very end. Even within the story parts that I had never seen coming, kindred releasing the prince. Allowing Alix to run away and eventually return on curiosity. I would recommend anyone who wants a fast read of a quality story. Overall I would give this story eight o ut of ten stars without reading the rest of the series.